What is test design and what are the key concepts?

Test Design is a critical phase in the software testing life cycle where test cases, scripts, and data are created to ensure that the software product meets its requirements and functions correctly. Effective test design is essential for identifying defects, ensuring coverage, and delivering a quality product.

Test Basis:

• Refers to the documentation and resources that define the system’s functionality, which serves as the foundation for test design.
• Includes requirements, architecture, design specifications, and user stories.

Test Conditions:

• Derived from the test basis, these are specific aspects of the software that need to be tested.
• Examples include functional conditions (e.g., login functionality) or non-functional conditions (e.g., performance under load).

Test Cases:

• Detailed descriptions of the inputs, execution steps, and expected results for testing a particular test condition.
• Each test case should have a clear objective, preconditions, steps, expected outcomes, and postconditions.

Test Data:

• Data that is created or selected to be used in the execution of test cases.
• Test data can be positive (valid) or negative (invalid) depending on the scenario being tested.

Test Scripts:

• Automated or manual scripts that outline the sequence of actions to be taken during testing.
• Test scripts are particularly important in automated testing, where they drive the test execution tools.

Test Coverage:

• Measures how much of the software is being tested, ensuring that all aspects of the functionality are covered.
• Coverage can be functional, code-based, or requirements-based.

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