Why are actual and expected results crucial in test cases for software testing?

In software testing, a test case is a set of conditions or steps that are designed to verify the correctness of a particular aspect or functionality of a software application. Test cases typically consist of two main components: the “actual result” and the “expected result.”

Actual Result: This is the outcome or output that is obtained when the test case is executed on the software or system under test. It represents the real behavior or response of the software when the test is performed. The actual result is recorded during the test execution phase.

Expected Result: This is the predefined, anticipated outcome or behavior that the tester or test designer expects to observe when the test case is executed correctly. It serves as a benchmark or reference point for determining whether the software behaves as expected. The expected result is typically defined in advance when the test case is created.

During the test execution, the actual result is compared to the expected result. If the actual result matches the expected result, the test case is considered to have passed, indicating that the specific functionality being tested is working as intended. If there is a mismatch between the actual and expected results, it signifies a defect or issue in the software, and the test case is considered to have failed. Failed test cases are then reported to the development team for further investigation and resolution.

In summary, the actual result is what actually happens when a test is run, and the expected result is what should happen based on the test case’s design. Comparing these two results helps identify issues and ensure the software’s correctness and reliability.

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